UK Politics: Polls opened in the Makerfield by-election as Andy Burnham seeks a route back to Westminster and a potential Labour leadership challenge to Keir Starmer, with Starmer saying he’d offer Burnham a cabinet role if he wins—while Burnham allies insist he won’t take it. Scottish Representation: Voters also head to the polls in Aberdeen South and Arbroath & Broughty Ferry, where oil-and-gas policy and cost-of-living are driving the contests. India Upper House: Voting began for Rajya Sabha seats in Jharkhand and Mizoram, with tight cross-voting fears in Jharkhand and BJP/Congress abstentions in Mizoram. Australia Election Integrity Scams: AI-made visuals using Australian politicians’ likenesses are being used to lure viewers into investment scams, prompting ABC News to warn the public. No-Confidence Move (Australia): Victoria’s Premier Jacinta Allan faces a no-confidence motion from the Liberals ahead of the November election. US Voting Rights: The FBI expanded a probe into an Ohio voting-rights group, including a subpoena to America Votes. Local Ballot Access (US): Los Angeles City Council advanced a Nov. 3 ballot measure that would allow noncitizens to vote in city elections. Nigeria Political Pressure: Tinubu’s reported “why should I help you” stance highlights opposition demands for a level playing field ahead of 2027.